Labarai

Akwai fasahar baturi da caji da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar yin la'akari da su yayin rikiɗawa zuwa motsi na lantarki a cikin hakar ma'adinai na ƙasa.

Motocin hakar ma'adinai masu amfani da batir sun dace da hakar ma'adinan karkashin kasa.Saboda ba sa fitar da iskar gas, suna rage sanyaya da buƙatun samun iska, suna yanke hayaki mai zafi (GHG) da tsadar kulawa, da inganta yanayin aiki.

Kusan duk kayan aikin hakar ma'adinan karkashin kasa a yau ana amfani da dizal kuma suna haifar da hayakin hayaki.Wannan yana haifar da buƙatar tsarin iskar iska mai yawa don kiyaye aminci ga ma'aikata.Haka kuma, yayin da masu aikin hakar ma'adinan a yau ke yin zurfafa zurfin kilomita 4 (13,123.4 ft.) don samun damar ma'adinan ma'adinai, waɗannan tsarin suna girma sosai.Wannan ya sa su fi tsada don shigarwa da gudu da kuma ƙarin makamashi da yunwa.

A lokaci guda kuma, kasuwa yana canzawa.Gwamnatoci suna kafa maƙasudin muhalli kuma masu siye suna ƙara son biyan kuɗi don samfuran ƙarshe waɗanda zasu iya nuna ƙarancin sawun carbon.Wannan yana haifar da ƙarin sha'awar lalata ma'adinai.

Load, kwashe, da juji (LHD) injunan dama ce mai kyau don yin wannan.Suna wakiltar kusan kashi 80% na bukatar makamashi don hakar ma'adinan karkashin kasa yayin da suke motsa mutane da kayan aiki ta cikin ma'adinan.

Canja zuwa motocin da batir ke amfani da shi na iya lalata haƙar ma'adinai da sauƙaƙe tsarin samun iska.

Wannan yana buƙatar batura masu ƙarfi da dogon lokaci - aikin da ya wuce ƙarfin fasahar da ta gabata.Koyaya, bincike da haɓakawa a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata sun ƙirƙiri sabon nau'in batirin lithium-ion (Li-ion) tare da ingantaccen matakin aiki, aminci, araha da dogaro.

Tsawon shekaru biyar

Lokacin da masu aiki suka sayi injunan LHD, suna tsammanin rayuwa ta shekaru 5 a mafi yawan saboda yanayi mai wahala.Injin suna buƙatar ɗaukar kaya masu nauyi sa'o'i 24 a rana a cikin yanayi marasa daidaituwa tare da danshi, ƙura da duwatsu, girgiza injina da girgiza.

Lokacin da yazo ga wuta, masu aiki suna buƙatar tsarin baturi wanda ya dace da rayuwar injin.Batura kuma suna buƙatar jure yawan caji mai zurfi da zagayowar fitarwa.Hakanan suna buƙatar samun damar yin caji cikin sauri don haɓaka wadatar abin hawa.Wannan yana nufin awoyi 4 na sabis a lokaci ɗaya, wanda ya dace da tsarin tafiyar rabin yini.

Musanya baturi tare da caji mai sauri

Musanya baturi da saurin caji sun bayyana azaman zaɓuɓɓuka biyu don cimma wannan.Musanya baturi yana buƙatar nau'ikan batura iri ɗaya - ɗaya mai ƙarfi da abin hawa ɗaya kuma akan caji.Bayan motsi na awa 4, ana maye gurbin baturin da aka kashe tare da sabon caji.

Fa'idar ita ce wannan baya buƙatar babban cajin wuta kuma galibi ana samun goyan bayan kayan aikin wutar lantarki na ma'adinan.Koyaya, canjin canji yana buƙatar ɗagawa da sarrafawa, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin aiki.

Wata hanyar ita ce amfani da baturi guda ɗaya mai ikon yin caji cikin sauri a cikin kusan mintuna 10 yayin hutu, hutu da canje-canjen motsi.Wannan yana kawar da buƙatar canza batura, yin rayuwa mai sauƙi.

Koyaya, caji mai sauri ya dogara da haɗin grid mai ƙarfi kuma masu aikin ma'adinai na iya buƙatar haɓaka kayan aikin wutar lantarki ko shigar da ma'ajin makamashi na gefen hanya, musamman don manyan jiragen ruwa waɗanda ke buƙatar caji lokaci guda.

Li-ion Chemistry don musanya baturi

Zaɓin tsakanin musanya da caji mai sauri yana sanar da nau'in sinadarai na baturi don amfani.

Li-ion kalma ce ta laima wacce ta ƙunshi nau'ikan kimiyyar lantarki.Ana iya amfani da waɗannan ɗaiɗaiku ko haɗa su don sadar da rayuwar zagayowar da ake buƙata, rayuwar kalanda, yawan kuzari, caji mai sauri, da aminci.

Yawancin batirin Li-ion ana yin su ne da graphite azaman na'urar lantarki mara kyau kuma suna da abubuwa daban-daban azaman ingantacciyar lantarki, kamar lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide (NMC), lithium nickel-cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) da lithium iron phosphate (LFP) ).

Daga cikin waɗannan, NMC da LFP duka suna ba da ingantaccen abun ciki na makamashi tare da isasshen aikin caji.Wannan ya sa ɗayan waɗannan ya dace don musanya baturi.

Wani sabon ilmin sunadarai don caji mai sauri

Don yin caji da sauri, wani zaɓi mai ban sha'awa ya fito.Wannan shi ne lithium titanate oxide (LTO), wanda ke da ingantaccen lantarki da aka yi daga NMC.Maimakon graphite, mummunan lantarki ya dogara ne akan LTO.

Wannan yana ba batirin LTO bayanin martaba na daban.Suna iya karɓar caji mai ƙarfi sosai ta yadda lokacin caji zai iya zama kaɗan kamar mintuna 10.Hakanan za su iya tallafawa ƙarin caji da sake zagayowar sau uku zuwa biyar fiye da sauran nau'ikan sinadarai na Li-ion.Wannan yana fassara zuwa rayuwar kalanda mai tsayi.

Bugu da ƙari, LTO yana da babban aminci mai mahimmanci kamar yadda zai iya jure wa cin zarafi na lantarki kamar zubar da ruwa mai zurfi ko gajeriyar kewayawa, da kuma lalacewar inji.

Gudanar da baturi

Wani muhimmin mahimmancin ƙira don OEM shine saka idanu na lantarki da sarrafawa.Suna buƙatar haɗa abin hawa tare da tsarin sarrafa baturi (BMS) wanda ke sarrafa aikin yayin da yake kare aminci a duk faɗin tsarin.

Kyakkyawan BMS kuma za ta sarrafa caji da fitarwa na kowane sel don kula da yawan zafin jiki.Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton aiki kuma yana haɓaka rayuwar baturi.Hakanan zai ba da ra'ayi kan yanayin cajin (SOC) da yanayin lafiya (SOH).Waɗannan alamomi ne masu mahimmanci na rayuwar baturi, tare da SOC yana nuna tsawon lokacin da mai aiki zai iya tafiyar da abin hawa yayin motsi, kuma SOH ya kasance mai nuni ga sauran rayuwar kalanda.

Iyawar toshe-da-wasa

Idan ya zo ga tantance tsarin baturi don abin hawa, yana da ma'ana mai yawa don amfani da kayayyaki.Wannan yana kwatanta da madadin hanyar tambayar masu kera batir don haɓaka tsarin batir ɗin da aka kera don kowace abin hawa.

Babban fa'idar tsarin na yau da kullun shine OEMs na iya haɓaka tushen dandamali don abubuwan hawa da yawa.Sannan za su iya ƙara ƙirar baturi a jeri don gina kirtani waɗanda ke sadar da ƙarfin lantarki da ake buƙata don kowane ƙira.Wannan yana sarrafa fitar da wutar lantarki.Sannan za su iya haɗa waɗannan igiyoyin a layi ɗaya don gina ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi da ake buƙata da kuma samar da lokacin da ake buƙata.

Nauyin nauyi da ake wasa a cikin hakar ma'adinan karkashin kasa yana nufin cewa motoci suna buƙatar isar da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.Wannan yana kira ga tsarin baturi mai ƙima a 650-850V.Duk da yake haɓaka zuwa mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki zai samar da mafi girma ƙarfi, zai kuma haifar da mafi girman farashin tsarin, don haka ana jin cewa tsarin zai kasance ƙasa da 1,000V don nan gaba mai yiwuwa.

Don cimma sa'o'i 4 na ci gaba da aiki, masu zanen kaya yawanci suna neman ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi na 200-250 kWh, kodayake wasu za su buƙaci 300 kWh ko mafi girma.

Wannan tsarin na zamani yana taimaka wa OEMs don sarrafa farashin haɓakawa da rage lokaci zuwa kasuwa ta hanyar rage buƙatar gwajin nau'in.Bisa la'akari da wannan, Saft ya haɓaka maganin baturi mai toshe-da-wasa samuwa a cikin NMC da LTO electrochemistries.

Kwatanci mai amfani

Don jin yadda aka kwatanta na'urorin, yana da kyau a duba madadin yanayi guda biyu don abin hawa na LHD na yau da kullun dangane da musayar baturi da sauri.A cikin al'amuran biyu, motar tana auna nauyin tan 45 ba a daɗe da kaya ba kuma tan 60 cikakke an ɗora su tare da ƙarfin lodi na 6-8 m3 (7.8-10.5 yd3).Don ba da damar kwatanta-kamar-kamar, Saft na gani na batura masu nauyin nauyi (ton 3.5) da girma (4 m3 [5.2 yd3]).

A cikin yanayin canjin baturi, baturin zai iya dogara ne akan ko dai NMC ko LFP chemistry kuma zai goyi bayan canjin LHD na awa 6 daga girma da ambulaf mai nauyi.Batura biyu, waɗanda aka ƙididdige su a 650V tare da ƙarfin 400 Ah, za su buƙaci cajin sa'o'i 3 lokacin da aka kashe motar.Kowane zai šauki 2,500 zagayowar a kan jimlar rayuwar kalanda na shekaru 3-5.

Don yin caji da sauri, baturin LTO guda ɗaya mai girma iri ɗaya za a ƙididdige shi a 800V tare da ƙarfin 250 Ah, yana ba da awoyi 3 na aiki tare da caji mai sauri na mintuna 15.Saboda ilimin sunadarai na iya jure wasu zagayowar zagayowar, zai isar da zagayowar 20,000, tare da rayuwar kalanda da ake tsammanin na shekaru 5-7.

A cikin duniyar gaske, mai ƙirar abin hawa zai iya amfani da wannan hanyar don saduwa da abubuwan da abokin ciniki ke so.Misali, tsawaita lokacin motsi ta hanyar ƙara ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi.

Zane mai sassauƙa

A ƙarshe, masu aikin hakar ma'adinai ne za su zaɓi ko sun fi son musanya baturi ko yin caji cikin sauri.Kuma zaɓinsu na iya bambanta dangane da wutar lantarki da sarari da ke kowane rukunin yanar gizon su.

Don haka, yana da mahimmanci ga masana'antun LHD su samar musu da sassaucin zaɓi.